AARC Public Library - Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence

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Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence

(PDF: 388 K)

I. Introduction

(PDF: 1102 K)

A. The Mandate of the Committee's Inquiry

B. The Purpose of the Committee's Findings and Recommendations

C. The Focus and Scope of the Committee's Inquiry and Obstacles Encountered

D. The Historical Context of the Inquiry

E. The Dilemma of Secrecy and Open Constitutional Government

II. The Foreign and Military Intelligence Operations of the United States: An Overview

(PDF: 1173 K)

A. The Basic Issues: Secrecy and Democracy

B. The Scope of the Select Committee's Inquiry into Foreign and...

C. The Intelligence Process: Theory and Reality

D. The Evolution of the United States Intelligence Community

E. The Origins of the Postwar Intelligence Community

F. The Response to the Soviet Threat

G. Korea: The Turning Point

H. The "Protracted Conflict"

I. Third World Competition and Nuclear Crisis

J. Technology and Tragedy

L. The Task Ahead

III. The Constitutional Framework for Intelligence Activities

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A. The Joint Responsibilities of the Legislative and Executive Branches...

B. The Historical Practice

C. The Constitutional Power of Congress to Regulate the Conduct...

IV. The President's Office

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A. The National Security Council

B. Authorization and Control of Covert Activities

C. Providing the Intelligence Required by Policymakers

D. Advising the President on Intelligence Issues

E. Allocating Intelligence Resources

V. The Director of Central Intelligence

(PDF: 2017 K)

A. The Producer of National Intelligence

B. Coordinator of Intelligence Activities

C. Director of the CIA

VI. History of the Central Intelligence Agency

A. The Central Intelligence Group and the Central Intelligence Agency: 1946--1952

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B. The Dulles Era: 1953--1961

C. Change and Routinization: 1961--1970

D. The Recent Past: 1971--1975

VII. The Central Intelligence Agency: Statutory Authority

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A. Clandestine Collection of Intelligence

B. Covert Action

C. Domestic Activities

VIII. Covert Action

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A. Evolution of Covert Action

B. Congressional Oversight

C. Findings and Conclusions

IX. CIA Counterintelligence

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A. Counterintelligence: An Introduction

B. Current Issues in Counterintelligence

X. The Domestic Impact of Foreign Clandestine Operations...

(PDF: 1948 K)

A. Covert Use of Academic and Voluntary Organizations

B. Covert Relationships With the United States Media

C. Covert Use of U.S. Religious Groups

XI. Proprietaries

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C. Operation of Proprietaries

D. The Disposal of Proprietaries

E. Financial Aspects

F. Some General Considerations

XII. CIA Production of Finished Intelligence

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A. Evolution of the CIA's Intelligence Directorate

B. The Intelligence Directorate Today

C. The Relationship Between Intelligence and Policy

D. The Limits of Intelligence

E. The Personnel System

F. Recruitment and Training of Analysts

G. The Intelligence Culture and Analytical Bias

H. The Nature of the Production Process: Consensus Versus Competition

I. The "Current Events" Syndrome

K. Overload on Analysts and Consumers

L. Quality Control

M. Consumer Guidance and Evaluation

N. The Congressional Role

XIII. The CIA's Internal Controls: The Inspector General...

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A. The General Counsel

B. The Office of the Inspector General

C. Internal and External Review of the Office of the Inspector General

XIV. The Department of State

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A. Origins of the State Department Intelligence Function

B. Command and Control

C. Support: Communications

D. Production of Intelligence

XV. Department of Defense

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A. Objectives and Organization of the Defense Intelligence Community

B. The Defense Intelligence Budget

C. Management Problems of the Defense Intelligence Community

D. Agencies and Activities of Special Interest

E. Military Counterintelligence and Investigative Activities

F. Chemical and Biological Activities

G. Meeting Future Needs in Defense Intelligence

XVI. Disclosure of Budget Information on the Intelligence Community

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A. The Present Budgetary Process for Intelligence...

B. The Constitutional Requirement

C. Alternatives to Concealing Intelligence Budgets From Congress and the Public

D. The Effect Upon National Security of Varying Levels of Budget Disclosure

E. The Argument That Publication of Any Information Will...

F. The Argument That the United States Should Not Publish...

G. Summary and Conclusion

XVII. Testing and Use of Chemical and Biological Agents...

(PDF: 2989 K)

A. The Programs Investigated

B. CIA Drug Testing Programs

C. Covert Testing on Human Subjects by Military Intelligence Groups...

D. Cooperation and Competition Among the Intelligence Community Agencies...

XVIII. Summary: Findings and Recommendations

(PDF: 4135 K)

A. Introduction

B. General Findings

C. The 1947 National Security Act and Related Legislation

D. The National Security Council and the Office of the President

E. The Director of Central Intelligence

F. The Central Intelligence Agency

G. Reorganization of he Intelligence Community

H. Relations with United States Institutions and Private Citizens

I. Proprietaries and Cover

J. Intelligence Liaison

K. The General Counsel and Inspector General

L. The Department of Defense

M. The Department of State and Ambassadors

N. Oversight and the Intelligence Budget

O. Chemical and Biological Agents and the Intelligence Community

P. General Recommendations

Appendix I: Congressional Authorization for the CIA to Conduct Covert Action

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A. The National Security Act of 1947

B. The CIA Act of 1949

C. The Provision of Funds to the CIA by Congress

D. The Holtzman and Abourezk Amendment of 1974

E. The Hughes-Ryan Amendment

Appendix II: Additional Covert Action Recommendations

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A. Statement of Clark M. Clifford

B. Statement of Cyrus Vance

C. Statement of David A. Phillips

D. Prepared Statement of Morton H. Halperin

E. Recommendations of the Harvard University Institute of Politics...

F. Recommendations of the House Select Committee on Intelligence Concerning Covert Action

G. Article from Foreign Affairs by Harry Rositake: America's Secret Operations: A Perspective

H. Article from Saturday Review by Tom Braden: What's Wrong With the CIA?

I. Recommendations of the Commission on the Organization of the Government...

Appendix III: Soviet Intelligence Collection and Operations Against the United States

(PDF: 426 K)

A. Introduction

B. Organization and Structure

D. The Scope and Methods of Anti-United States Operations...

E. Eastern European Security and Intelligence Services

Additional Views of Senator Frank Church Concerning Covert Action

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Additional Views of Senators Walter F. Mondale...

Introduction to Separate Views of Senators John G, Tower...

Separate Views of Senator John G. Tower, Vice Chairman

Individual Views of Senator Barry Goldwater

Separate Views of Senator Howard H. Baker, Jr.

Supplemental Views of Senator Charles McC. Mathias, Jr.

Additional Views of Senator Richard S. Schweiker

Glossary of Selected Intelligence Terms and List of Abbreviations

National Intelligence Charts

Senate Resolution 21

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Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence

Along with seven volumes of Hearings, the Senate Select Committee published seven reports, including its interim report on assassination plots. Book I is a general report on foreign and military intelligence activities of the U.S. government. It includes detailed descriptions of the history and functions of the agencies of the U.S. government engaging in foreign intelligence, including the CIA, State Department, and Department of Defense. Specific activities of intelligence agencies, including covert action, counterintelligence, and the use of "proprietaries" are also covered.